http://writersalmanac.org/episodes/20160919/
On this day in 1796, President George Washington's farewell address was printed in
the Daily American Advertiser as an open
letter to American citizens. The most famous of all his
"speeches," it was never actually spoken; a week after its
publication in this Philadelphia newspaper, it was reprinted in papers all over
the country.
The address
was a collaborative effort that took Washington months to finalize,
incorporating the notes that James Madison had prepared four years prior when
Washington intended to retire after his first term, as well as numerous edits
from Alexander Hamilton and a critique from John Jay. Madison, Hamilton, and
Jay were accustomed to writing collectively; together they had published
the Federalist Papers, 85 newspaper articles published
throughout the 13 states to introduce and explain their proposal for a
Constitution.
Now only
eight years old, the Constitution was in danger, Washington feared, of falling
prey to the whims of popular sentiment. In 6,086 words, his address seeks to
encourage the nation to respect and maintain the Constitution, warning that a
party system — not yet the governmental standard operating procedure — would
reduce the nation to infighting. He urged Americans to relinquish their
personal or geographical interests for the good of the national interest,
warning that "designing men" would try to distract them from their
larger common views by highlighting their smaller, local differences. "You
cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings
which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each
other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection," he
wrote.
Washington
also feared interference by foreign governments, and as such extolled the
benefits of a stable public credit to be used sparingly, recommending avoiding
debt by "cultivating peace" and "by vigorous exertion in time of
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have occasioned."
Although he conceded that "the execution of these maxims" — or, in
layman's terms, balancing the budget — was the responsibility of the
government, Washington wagged a finger at individual citizens too, reminding
them that "it is essential that you should practically bear in mind that
towards the payment of debts there must be revenue; that to have revenue there must
be taxes; that no taxes can be devised which are not more or less inconvenient
and unpleasant ..."










